Complete Plant Guide
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🗺️ Plants by City3782 plants found
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Green Ball Cactus
Echinopsis calochlora
The Green Ball Cactus (Echinopsis calochlora) is a small globose clustering cactus native to Brazil and Paraguay. Over time it forms dense clumps of bright green spheres adorned with spines, and produces large, fragrant white flowers that open at night during spring and summer.
Easter Lily Cactus
Echinopsis eyriesii
Echinopsis eyriesii is a globular cactus native to South America (Argentina, Bolivia, and southern Brazil), prized for its ribbed, dark green stem and large, fragrant white flowers that open at night and last only a single day. It's a hardy, easy-to-grow species suited to beginners and collectors alike.
Red Torch Cactus
Echinopsis huascha
Echinopsis huascha, commonly called the red torch cactus, is a clustering columnar cactus native to the arid highlands of Catamarca and La Rioja provinces in Argentina, growing at elevations between 900 and 2,000 meters. It forms clumps of upright to sprawling stems armed with yellowish spines and can reach roughly 1 meter in height. Its large, showy flowers, ranging from orange to yellow to red, appear in spring through early summer.
Easter Lily Cactus
Echinopsis oxygona
Echinopsis oxygona is a classic globular cactus that tends to become slightly columnar with age. It is widely appreciated for its monumental, trumpet-shaped flowers, which can be white or pinkish and emit a delicate fragrance, usually opening at night. Native to South America, it forms colonies of spiny 'balls' by producing lateral offsets.
Peruvian Torch
Echinopsis peruviana
A columnar cactus native to Peru that branches from the base and can reach about 5 metres tall, with blue-green stems bearing 6 to 8 broad, rounded ribs, whitish areoles and brown spines. Mature plants produce large, fragrant, funnel-shaped white flowers that open at night from late spring through summer. It contains the alkaloid mescaline, so growing or possessing it may be regulated in some countries.
Sea Urchin Cactus
Echinopsis tubiflora
Echinopsis tubiflora, popularly known as the Sea Urchin Cactus (also called the Easter Lily Cactus), is a globular to short-columnar cactus native to the highlands of Bolivia and northern Argentina. Its dark green, ribbed stem is armed with clusters of pale, brown-tipped spines and produces spectacular funnel-shaped white flowers with a pale green throat that open at night and last only a day or two. As the plant matures it tends to offset, forming dense clumps that make a striking architectural statement in any dry garden or sunny windowsill.
Pride of Madeira
Echium candicans
Pride of Madeira (Echium candicans) is a striking evergreen shrub native to the island of Madeira, Portugal. It produces spectacular cone-shaped flower spikes densely packed with blue and purple blooms that attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. A robust, low-maintenance plant ideal for Mediterranean gardens, coastal landscapes, and rocky slopes. Once established, it is extremely drought-tolerant and thrives in poor soils with minimal care.
Purple Viper's Bugloss
Echium plantagineum
Purple Viper's Bugloss (Echium plantagineum) is an annual to biennial plant in the borage family (Boraginaceae), native to the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and Southwest Asia. It forms a coarse, hairy basal rosette before sending up a branched stem with funnel-shaped flowers that change color from pink to deep blue-violet as they open. The species grows 20-90 cm tall, blooms from spring to summer, and is highly popular with bees and bumblebees due to its abundant nectar production. While it tolerates drought and poor soil well, it is considered weedy and invasive outside its native range, particularly in Australia and California. The plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, making it toxic to livestock and a potential skin irritant upon contact.
Viper's Bugloss
Echium vulgare
Viper's Bugloss (Echium vulgare) is a biennial to perennial herb from the borage family (Boraginaceae), naturally growing in meadows, field margins, embankments, and dry habitats throughout Europe, including the Czech Republic. It forms a basal rosette of hairy leaves, from which an upright, densely bristly stem, 30–90 cm tall, emerges in the second year. From May to September, it blooms with small, funnel-shaped flowers that open pink and gradually turn blue – a typical characteristic of the entire Echium genus. The flowers are sought after by bees and bumblebees, making the plant valued as an important melliferous herb. It tolerates drought, poor sandy and stony soil, and is low-maintenance, but the entire plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and its bristly hairs can irritate the skin.
False Daisy
Eclipta prostrata
Eclipta prostrata, known worldwide as Bhringraj or False Daisy, is a creeping herbaceous plant of great importance in Ayurvedic medicine. It is characterized by its small solitary white flowers and stems that can be reddish. It is an extremely resilient plant that prefers moist environments, often found near rivers and marshes in tropical regions.
Persian Carpet Flower
Edithcolea grandis
Edithcolea grandis, known as the Persian Carpet Flower, is an extraordinary creeping succulent native to the arid regions of East Africa. Its stems are branched, spiny, and range in color from grayish-green to brown. The highlight of this species is its magnificent flowers, which can reach up to 13 cm in diameter, displaying complex geometric patterns and vibrant colors reminiscent of a Persian carpet weave. It is a highly sought-after plant for collectors but requires precise care due to its sensitivity to overwatering.
Brazilian Waterweed
Egeria densa
Egeria densa, commonly known as Brazilian waterweed, is a submerged aquatic plant native to the rivers and lakes of southeastern South America (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile). Belonging to the Hydrocharitaceae family, it is among the most popular aquarium plants in the world due to its rapid growth, ease of cultivation, and excellent ability to oxygenate water while absorbing nitrates and phosphates, helping to combat algae blooms. It features thin, branched stems that can exceed one meter in length, covered in whorls of bright green, ribbon-like leaves; under favorable conditions, it produces small white three-petaled flowers that float on the water's surface. Due to its vigor, outside of a controlled aquarium or pond, it is considered an invasive species in many regions of the world, where it forms dense submerged mats capable of altering aquatic ecosystems: it must therefore be managed carefully, avoiding the dispersal of stem fragments into natural waterways.
Fukien tea tree
Ehretia microphylla
The Fukien tea tree (Ehretia microphylla, synonym Carmona retusa) is an evergreen shrub in the borage family (Boraginaceae), native to South and Southeast Asia, ranging from India through China and Japan to northern Australia. Its small, shiny, dark green, and rough-textured leaves are 1.5–4 cm long; it produces tiny, star-shaped white flowers year-round, followed by reddish-orange, pea-sized berries. In nature, it can grow up to 4 meters tall, but due to its branching habit and trunk that thickens over time, it has become one of the most popular indoor bonsai species in Western bonsai culture—its name refers to the Fujian (formerly Fukien) province of China, from where it entered the bonsai trade. In the Philippines, a decoction made from its leaves was traditionally used to treat coughs, diarrhea, and stomach complaints.
Water Hyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free-floating aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin in South America. Celebrated for its glossy, heart-shaped leaves and delicate lavender-purple orchid-like flowers, it is one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth. While visually stunning as an ornamental pond plant, it can become highly invasive in natural waterways.
Silverberry
Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus is a genus of hardy shrubs and small trees prized for their silvery, scaly foliage and small, fragrant fall flowers followed by edible berry-like drupes. Native across temperate Asia, Europe, and North America, the genus includes both evergreen species (such as E. pungens) and deciduous species (such as E. umbellata and E. commutata), all sharing a tough, adaptable constitution.
Ebbinge's Silverberry
Elaeagnus × submacrophylla
Ebbinge's Silverberry (Elaeagnus × submacrophylla) is a fast-growing evergreen hybrid shrub, a cross between E. macrophylla and E. pungens. It is widely planted as a hedge or windbreak in temperate gardens, valued for its silvery-green foliage and sweetly fragrant autumn flowers.
Russian Olive
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly known as Russian Olive or Oleaster, is a deciduous tree or large shrub native to Western Asia and Southeast Europe. It is prized for its striking silvery-gray foliage, fragrant creamy-yellow flowers and small edible olive-like fruits. Exceptionally hardy, it tolerates extreme cold, drought, poor soils, and saline conditions. It is widely used in windbreaks, shelterbelts, and ornamental landscaping. Note: it is considered invasive in many regions, particularly across the western United States.
Thorny Olive
Elaeagnus pungens
Elaeagnus pungens, commonly known as Thorny Olive or Silverthorn, is an evergreen shrub native to East Asia, particularly Japan and China. It features leathery leaves with green uppersides and silvery-brown undersides, creating a striking bicolor effect. In autumn, it produces small, intensely fragrant tubular white flowers. Renowned for its toughness, it thrives in poor soils, withstands drought and strong winds, and is widely used as a hedge, windbreak, and ornamental specimen.
Oil palm
Elaeis guineensis
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a palm from the Arecaceae family, native to the low tropical regions of West Africa, particularly along the Gulf of Guinea. In the wild, it reaches 20 to 25 m in height, but in cultivation, it rarely exceeds 15 m. Its single trunk, marked by scars from old leaves, bears a crown of long pinnate fronds 5 to 7 m long. Separate male and female inflorescences produce clusters of reddish-orange ovoid fruits whose pulp and kernel provide palm oil and palm kernel oil, making this species the world's primary source of vegetable fat.
Eumundi quandong
Elaeocarpus eumundi
Elaeocarpus eumundi, known as the Eumundi quandong or smooth-leaved quandong, is an evergreen tree from the Elaeocarpaceae family, native to the rainforests of northeastern Australia—ranging from the Cape York Peninsula through central-eastern Queensland to northern New South Wales, where it grows at altitudes up to approximately 1000 m. In its native habitat, it reaches heights of 12–25 m, but in cultivation as a garden or street tree, it typically reaches 8–15 m with a narrow, upright crown 3–5 m wide. The leathery, glossy dark green leaves are clustered at the ends of branches and turn yellow instead of red as they age, while new growth has a bronze-pink tint. During November–December (in its place of origin), clusters of cream-white fringed flowers appear, followed by blue, oval drupes with sour but edible flesh used for jams and jellies. Due to its dense, hardy growth, the tree is commonly planted as a screen or street tree and attracts nectar- and seed-eating birds.
Eight-Stamened Waterwort
Elatine hydropiper
Elatine hydropiper, commonly known as Eight-Stamened Waterwort, is a tiny aquatic carpeting plant native to Europe and temperate Asia. It forms a dense, lush green carpet in aquariums, making it a prized foreground plant in aquascaping. Related to Hemianthus callitrichoides 'Cuba' in visual appeal, it is known for its demanding care requirements—needing high light, CO2 injection, and stable water parameters.
Spikerush
Eleocharis
Eleocharis (spikerush) is a large genus of perennial wetland and aquatic plants in the sedge family (Cyperaceae), comprising over 200 species distributed worldwide. The plants are characterized by their leafless, tubular, light green stems that grow in dense, grass-like clumps. In the aquarium hobby, the most popular species is Eleocharis acicularis – "dwarf hairgrass" – favored for creating a dense green carpet on the aquarium floor. The species Eleocharis palustris (common spikerush) is widely grown in garden ponds and wetland habitats. The plant spreads naturally via underground rhizomes and runners (stolons); it produces small, brownish-green spikelet flowers at the tips of the stems.
goosegrass
Eleusine indica
A small annual grass widely distributed in warm regions worldwide to approximately 50 degrees latitude. Characterized by rapid growth, forming dense tufts reaching 15-90 cm tall. Leaf blades are linear-lanceolate, 5-30 cm long, mostly glabrous and keeled with a distinctive white or silvery base. Develops a particularly tough and fibrous root system resistant to removal. Seeds are small, black to brown in color, produced abundantly—up to 120,000 per plant—and easily dispersed by wind and water. Requires full sunlight and cannot tolerate shade, preferring well-drained soil. Performs C4 photosynthesis, enabling growth in hot climates. Flowering occurs July to August with greenish-yellow flowers; seeds mature August to October. Found in disturbed areas, grasslands, and cultivated fields.
Tears of the Virgin
Eleutherine bulbosa
The Tears of the Virgin (Eleutherine bulbosa, syn. Eleutherine plicata) is a stemless, bulbous, and rhizomatous herb native to the Amazon and widely distributed from southern Mexico to tropical South America. It forms clumps 20 to 30 cm tall, featuring reddish-scaled bulbs similar to red onions, simple lanceolate leaves with longitudinal pleats, and star-shaped white or pinkish flowers that open at dusk. It is one of the most traditional medicinal plants of Amazonian indigenous peoples, with bulbs rich in naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and flavonoids.
Quackgrass
Elymus repens
Quackgrass (Elymus repens) is a perennial rhizomatous grass, widespread across Europe, Asia, and North America, where it is considered one of the most tenacious and difficult-to-eradicate weeds. It spreads rapidly via thin, sharp underground rhizomes capable of regenerating a new plant from even a small severed fragment. It forms dense, matted carpets and tolerates almost any soil type, light, and moisture level, allowing it to grow spontaneously in gardens, fields, hedgerows, and roadsides. Despite being a weed, it has a long traditional history as a medicinal plant and is partially edible.
Cupid's shaving brush
Emilia fosbergii
Cupid's shaving brush is an erect annual herb native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, which has now spread as a ruderal plant across several continents. It grows up to about 1 meter in height, featuring a cylindrical stem and alternate, toothed leaves that vary from ovate at the base to lanceolate at the top. Its tubular flowers, in shades of red, pink, or purple, are clustered in small flower heads that resemble a paintbrush, appearing almost year-round. It is commonly found sprouting spontaneously along roadsides, vacant lots, gardens, and cultivated areas.
Lilac tassel flower
Emilia sonchifolia
The lilac tassel flower (Emilia sonchifolia) is an annual herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family, native to tropical Asia and now naturalized in many regions, including the Americas. It grows upright with a cylindrical, tender, and sparsely branched stem, reaching 30 to 70 cm in height. Basal leaves form a rosette, while stem leaves are arranged spirally; the tubular flowers, ranging from lilac to pink, gather in small terminal heads that resemble a brush—hence the common names Cupid's shaving brush and Flora's paintbrush. A hardy and spontaneous plant, it is found along roadsides, vacant lots, gardens, and cultivated areas, where it often behaves as a common weed.
Bread Palm
Encephalartos
Encephalartos is a genus of African cycads commonly called "bread palms," a name derived from the starchy stem pith historically processed into a bread-like food by indigenous peoples of southern and eastern Africa. Despite the common name, they are not true palms but ancient gymnosperms — living fossils that predate the dinosaurs. They form a rosette of stiff, pinnate leaves, sometimes blue-tinted or heavily armed with spines, atop a thick woody stem or trunk. Plants are dioecious, producing large male and female cones. Growth is extremely slow, and individuals can live for centuries. Nearly all species are listed on CITES Appendix I due to severe poaching pressure.
Fragrant Encyclia
Encyclia fragrans
The Fragrant Encyclia (Encyclia fragrans, syn. Prosthechea fragrans) is a sympodial epiphytic orchid native to tropical forests and cloud forests of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean (Jamaica, Puerto Rico), and northern South America (Brazil, Ecuador, Costa Rica). It forms compact oval pseudobulbs, each with a single leathery, upright leaf, and produces stems with fragrant greenish-white to cream flowers, featuring a white lip streaked with purple stripes. The flowers exude a sweet aroma reminiscent of honey and vanilla, which is most intense at night.
Engler's False Arum
Englerarum hypnosum
Englerarum hypnosum is a rare monotypic tropical aroid native to limestone karst forests of Southwest China, Laos, and Thailand. Formerly classified under Alocasia, it was segregated into its own genus Englerarum following molecular phylogenetic studies. It grows as a lithophyte on humid limestone ledges at 800–1000 m elevation, spreading by rhizomes to form colonies. Its large, deep-green leaves with silvery-green patterning make it a striking ornamental houseplant.
Abyssinian Banana
Ensete ventricosum
Ensete ventricosum, commonly known as the Abyssinian Banana or False Banana, is a dramatic tropical plant in the Musaceae family, native to the highlands of East Africa and Ethiopia. It produces enormous paddle-like leaves up to 6 metres long with a distinctive reddish midrib, making it one of the most striking specimen plants for large gardens and conservatories. Unlike true bananas, its fruits are inedible; instead, the pseudostem, corm, and inflorescence provide a fermented starch staple called kocho, feeding approximately 20 million Ethiopians for over 10,000 years.
Elephant Ear Tree
Enterolobium contortisiliquum
The Elephant Ear Tree is a native tree of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, belonging to the Fabaceae family. It can reach heights of 20 to 35 meters with a trunk diameter of up to 1.6 meters. It is famous for its wide, umbrella-shaped canopy and its woody, curved, hollow fruits that resemble a human or monkey ear (and a small drum, which is the origin of the Portuguese name 'tamboril'). A fast-growing deciduous pioneer species, it produces small white globular flowers between winter and summer and is widely used in reforestation, urban forestry, and large-scale landscaping.
Silky Pinkgill
Entoloma sericeum
Entoloma sericeum, commonly known as the Silky Pinkgill, is a small mushroom species primarily found in grasslands, pastures, and gardens. Its cap is dark brown or grayish-brown with a silky sheen and is hygrophanous, meaning its color changes depending on moisture levels. The gills are initially grayish-white, turning a pinkish hue as the spores mature. It is important to note that while not lethally toxic, it can cause gastrointestinal distress and is therefore considered inedible.
Wallaba
Eperua falcata
Eperua falcata is a rainforest tree in the legume family (Fabaceae), native to northern South America, primarily the Guianas (French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana) and northern Brazil (Amapá). It grows up to 35 meters tall, featuring grayish-brown bark and pinnately compound leaves consisting of 2-4 pairs of ovate leaflets approximately 18 cm long. Its bell-shaped flowers with red petals bloom in pendulous clusters and are highly decorative, while its ripening, mauve-pink, sword-shaped pods can eject seeds up to 30 meters away upon opening. The tree often forms pure stands on white quartz sands in riverine and swampy rainforests, up to elevations of 700 meters. Its reddish-brown heartwood is extremely durable; due to its natural fungal resistance, it is used for piles, shingles, and telegraph poles.
Crucifix Orchid
Epidendrum
Epidendrum is one of the largest orchid genera, comprising approximately 1,500 species native to the Neotropical regions of Central and South America. Commonly called the Crucifix Orchid (especially E. radicans), it produces clusters of small, star-shaped flowers in vibrant shades of red, orange, yellow, pink, and white. It is exceptionally resilient and easy to grow, making it ideal for beginner orchid enthusiasts.
Fringed Star Orchid
Epidendrum ciliare
Epidendrum ciliare, commonly known as the Fringed Star Orchid, is a stunning epiphytic orchid native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. It grows on trees and rocky outcrops in humid forests at elevations of 500–1000 metres. The plant produces elongated cylindrical pseudobulbs 10–20 cm long, topped with 1–2 glossy, oblong leaves. Its star-shaped flowers are renowned for their finely fringed white labellum and elegant greenish-yellow sepals and petals, blooming typically in winter. This long-cultivated species is a favourite among orchid enthusiasts for its dramatic, fragrant blooms and relative ease of care.
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